Well, the results are in, and although I'm still very unhappy with the scanner's performance, it still compares favorably with the samples I printed from Proquest. This first example is an Ollie Harrington Dark Laughter panel. Here's the ProQuest version (be sure to click on these samples to see them at a larger size):
And here's the same panel in the raw scan using the PlanOn scanner. This raw scan is quite mottled, dark and the scanner put a curve into the panel that is unfortunate:
Now here's the scanned panel cleaned up about as well as I can. If you compare the Proquest version with this retouched scan you can see the obvious difference in quality. Harrington's lovely grease pencil tone work is reasonably well-preserved, at least by comparison. Since Proquest reduces their images to black and white (no grays at all) they end up with a rather pointillist interpretation of any tone used. The result is very harsh and, I'm sure you'll agree, not a fair representation of Harrington's work at all.
Keep in mind, of course, that you're only seeing what I can show you at lo-res screen resolution. When the samples are compared printed from my laser printer at 600 dpi the difference is much more stark.Unfortunately the quality of the scans tended to be all over the map. The Harrington example above, while not exactly terrific, came out pretty darn good in my opinion. Here's another scan that didn't come out as well. First the raw version:
Although at first blush it doesn't look too bad, the resolution, supposedly 400 dpi according to PlanOn, is revealed on close-up inspection to be much less than that -- I'm guess more like 200 dpi. Lo-res scans tend to turn everything blocky, squaring off edges and adding haloes around areas of high contrast. Here's the scan after retouching; it's quite dark and the lettering is blurry. I might be tempted to zap the existing lettering and re-letter it with an appropriate font:
Now here are the same two strips from ProQuest. The difference in quality isn't as pronounced as on the Dark Laughter sample, but even here the scanned version is better. Note the shading on the wings of the plane in the first panel of Jive Gray. In my scan each line is visible, while in the ProQuest version a good portion of it has simply disappeared. Also note that Proquest's version has cut off the bottom edge of the Jack Davis strip. I see this sort of thing happen quite a bit with ProQuest. On the other hand, ProQuest's version has crisper lettering, a result of their extreme high-contrast scanning.
Am I any further on making a decision about how to proceed? Well, I'm still unhappy with the scans, but they certainly seem to be a better bet than ProQuest. Are they good enough for book reproduction? My opinion is no, but perhaps I should get off my high horse on the matter and see what a publisher thinks. Nancy Goldstein, if you're reading this, I'd be very interested in hearing your opinion.
if you want to buy the docupen scanner you can find it here:
ReplyDeletewww.virtual-laser-keyboard.com/docupen
How are you using ProQuest? When browsing their web site I find nothing hat allows me to use or sign up for the service.
ReplyDeleteILove -
ReplyDeleteProQuest is a subscription service for libraries. Although you could probably subscribe privately, it would cost you major bucks. I wouldn't be surprised, though, if ProQuest changed their marketing plan somewhere down the road.
--Allan
I'm fairly new to your blog, and a fellow comics historian (well, in training-- I'm working on a PhD in History at George Mason University)...
ReplyDeleteUltimately, if they look "good enough" is a matter between you and your editor, but I think they look pretty good. And you avoid the potential copyright silliness of dealing with the ProQuest scans.
Keep talking about these technical points, though, please-- there are others of us dealing with the same issues who appreciate any insight.
From Nancy Goldstein:
ReplyDeleteHi Allan –
I think you are correct that the cleaned up scans of your microfilm cartoon and comic strip shots are the best. They retain what’s wonderful in Harrington’s drawings, his lush, painterly technique. When I suggested that you shoot the material with a digital camera rather than a scan, I thought you would be working with real paper newspaper; now I see so much of what you were working with is microfilm. For my book on Jackie Ormes, about 106 images were shot from real newspaper; we did need to go to microfilm for maybe 18-20 images.
(BTW – the ProQuest online availability occurred after my book was at the printer – so I never did use any of it. I have looked at ProQuest’s images of Ormes’s four-month run of her Candy cartoon in the Chicago Defender, and think they look pretty good. Most of her work appeared in the Pittsburgh Courier – is it on ProQuest now?)
So, here are some tips and ideas in the form of advice from my experience gathering images for the Jackie Ormes book. You probably know a lot of this, so perhaps this is for discussion and for your readers.
My task was a little different from yours. Your example of Harrington’s Dark Laughter b & w single panel cartoon illustrates the difference, by comparing it to Ormes’s Patty-Jo ‘n’ Ginger. Her signature style was crisp black outlines, balanced with lots of white space, and she used Zip-a-tone for shading. This was quite different from Harrington’s dense compositions as you say using grease pencil in Dark Laughter. (BTW, didn’t the Pittsburgh Courier funny papers page look great, when these two single panels appeared together in the late 1940s and early 50s, what an interesting visual contrast!) Perhaps your job is more difficult than mine was, Harrington’s compositions are often more complex and nuanced. But maybe some of this will help anyway.
Of course it is always best to use real newspaper. It will likely be darkened from age, and there may be printing imperfections (like you can see whatever’s on the page behind) and some of this can be cleaned up – but it is what it is – it’s newspaper with some imperfections and you may choose to leave in some of this. (For color comics, I can’t imagine how you would make a satisfactory image from microfilm.) Persevere in looking for real paper, at least a sample, to be able to compare how the cartoon should look to your microfilm images. This will help you stay with the artist’s conception rather than veering off into just what you like.
Use personal contacts to get a newspaper, or at least to get a good scan or photo of real newspaper. The black press newspaper and cartoons may be hardest to find partly because the circulation was comparatively small. In looking for newspaper--or original drawings--try to find family of the cartoonists. Mid-twentieth century cartoonists and their families sometimes made scrapbooks, for instance, or collected their cartoons and comics in some way. Samuel Milai’s granddaughter recently brought a cache of his work to the Cartoon Research Library at Ohio State University, and it’s presently on exhibit there; Chester Commodore’s stepdaughter donated materials and helped put together a wonderful exhibit on him, and it’s presently at the Vivian Harsh Collection, Carter Woodson Library, Chicago. Let’s hope more of these old papers, slides, and archives can be found and donated. You could also let some eBay and antique dealers know what you’re looking for. Some cartoon historians and collectors have stuff they might share; check their bibliographies, or pick up the phone and call them. Of course scour through the online databases, and find a friendly librarian or two to spend some time with you, to make sure you’ve seen everything and understand the lingo (“original format” means newspaper). If you find a lead in an out of town/state library, phone them and see if someone at the library or a student can help you in some way. Maybe someone you know lives nearby and can check things out to see if it’s worth a trip.
Some libraries’ microfilm is more heavily used than others, becoming scratched; if you can’t get a good scan, try another library. Make your own database with scans or photocopies but keep looking for the best microfilm or original newspaper.
Once you find images, whether newspaper or good microfilm, take shots in as many different ways as you can: microfilm scan, microfilm photocopy, real newspaper scan or photo. I got obsessed and even took celluloid slide photos, along with digital photos and scans. For my final image-gathering, I employed a professional photographer who does this kind of work. To shoot the original newspaper, he used a Nikon professional camera and a strobe light for a flash. But some of my consumer camera shots (Olympus C-740 and tripod of course) I took for my database were just as good--though you could make a wall mural from his, and mine maybe as big as 8 X 10. Would you believe, for a couple of the Candy cartoons, we thought the photocopy from microfilm looked best, and we photographed the paper photocopy! The point is, if you have more than one version you can choose the best. Sometimes you have to say, for instance, well the legs look better in that one, but it’s the face that’s most important here, so you have to go with this one.
When it comes to cleaning up microfilm you are the master, Allan, it’s amazing how good your images look, and how readable. I can imagine what you had to start with! My experience is that my publisher felt some cleaning still needed to be done and they sent it out to someone who does that for the finished book (though not for the advance reading copy – which unfortunately some reviewers who got this assumed it was the finished book! even though the cover was labeled “advance copy”! – and we got a couple of comments on the “disappointing” quality of some images. Geez.)
All for now. I loved your descriptions of your experience at the L of C – thanks for all you do!
Cheers,
Nancy
http://www.jackieormes.com
Hi Nancy -
ReplyDeleteAll my scans above were in fact made from real newspapers at the LoC, not microfilm. I can see why you might get confused since the raw scans are so crummy. The problem is with the scanner, not the source material. I still think, though, that using a digital camera is a step in the wrong direction. In my experience camera photos are typically too fuzzy even in good circumstances to make a really sharp final product. Besides, I seriously doubt that the LoC would allow me to bring in a big camera rig.
--Allan